Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Mayelana Nokuvalwa Kwenzalo Kwezinsimbi Zokuhlinza

Nsuku zonke, indlela ngayinye yokuvala inzalo inezidingo ezihlukene zokupakishwa kwensiza yezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ukuvala amathuluzi ezokwelapha ane-lumens amade kungase kube inselele nge-ethylene oxide ngenxa yobunzima bokufinyelela ezindaweni ezingaphakathi, okungase kuphazamise ukusebenza kahle kokuvala inzalo. Amanye amadivayisi anezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi angase athintwe imisebe ye-gamma noma ukuvalwa kwe-electron beam. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa indlela engalungile yokuvala inzalo kungalimaza amathuluzi akho ezokwelapha.

 

Incazelo yokuvala inzalo:

Ukuvalwa inzalo kuyinqubo yokwenza umkhiqizo ukhululeke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezincane eziphilayo. Izindlela zokuvala inzalo zibhekisela kumasu abulala noma asuse zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-microbial kanye nezinhlamvu. Imikhiqizo efana nama-stents, ama-endovascular catheter, sutures sutures, contact lens, noma izinto ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye ezifika zithintane ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile negazi lomuntu noma uketshezi lomzimba zinezidingo eziqinile zokuhlola ubunyumba. Inhloso ukuqeda ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane kanye nokubulala ama-microorganisms omkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Ama-microorganisms ahlanganisa amagciwane, isikhunta, namagciwane. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zama-microorganisms zidinga izindlela ezihlukene zokuvala inzalo futhi zinemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokuvala inzalo.

 

Izindlela Ezijwayelekile Zokuvala Inzalo:

1.Ukuvalwa Kokushisa Okumile:

Beka izinto endaweni yokuhlanza ukushisa okomile, usebenzisa umoya wokushisa owomile ukuze ubulale amagciwane noma uqede izinto ezine-pyrogenic.

Ifanele: Ingilazi, amathuluzi ensimbi, nezinto ezimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kodwa ezingafanelekile ukuvalwa kokushisa okumanzi.

Izimo: Ngokujwayelekile, (160 – 170 ° C) × 120 min, (170 – 180 ° C) × 60 min, 16469 C, 25, 14, 24, 24, 25 C 45 imiz. Qinisekisa ukulayisha okufanele ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle nokufana.

Inkomba Yebhayoloji: Izinhlamvu ze-Bacillus atrophaeus.

 

2.Ukuvalwa Kokushisa Okumanzi:

Beka izinto kusibulala-magciwane (i-autoclave), usebenzisa isitimu esigcwele ukucindezela okuphezulu ukuze uguqule amaprotheni nama-nucleic acid, ngaleyo ndlela ubulale ama-microorganisms.

Ifanele: Isivikelo, izingubo ezihlanzekile, izinto zengilazi, imfucuza ethelelanayo, nezinye izinto ezingashintshi noma ezilinyazwa yizinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama.

Izimo: Ngokujwayelekile i-121 ° C × 15 min noma 121 ° C × 30 min. Qinisekisa ukulayisha okufanele ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle nokufana.

Inkomba Yebhayoloji: Izinhlamvu ze-Bacillus stearothermophilus.

3.Ukuvalwa Kwegesi:

Isebenzisa amagesi amakhemikhali abulala amagciwane ukubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwe-ozone kanye nokuvalwa kwe-ethylene oxide.

I-Ozone Sterilization: I-ozone inezindawo eziqinile zokubulala amagciwane. Ibola ibe umoya-mpilo kanye nama-molecule e-oxygen eyodwa, anemiphumela eqinile ye-oxidative kuma-bacterium.

I-Ethylene Oxide Sterilization: Isebenzisa igesi ye-ethylene oxide ekwenzeni inzalo. Kuyindlela evamile esetshenziselwa amathuluzi ezokwelapha angezwani nokushisa nezinto zokusebenza. Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle zihlanganisa umswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukugxila kwegesi, nesikhathi sokuchayeka.

 

4.Ukuvala inzalo ngemisebe:

I-ionizing Radiation: Isebenzisa ama-X-ray noma imisebe ye-gamma ukuvala inzalo. Umphumela obulalayo ubangelwa izinguquko ze-biochemical kumaseli.

I-Electromagnetic Radiation: Ihlanganisa ukukhanya kwe-UV (190 – 350 nm), ukukhanya kwe-infrared (0.77 – 1000 μ m), nama-microwaves (1 – 1000 mm).

Ukuvalwa kwe-UV: Ukukhanya kwe-UV kwenza ama-microorganisms asebenze ngokulimaza i-DNA yawo ne-RNA lapho evezwe kumthamo ongaphezu kuka-3600 – 65000 µ W/cm ².

5.Ukuhlunga inzalo:

Ikhipha ngokwenyama amagciwane emithonjeni yezindaba. Izihlungi ezihlukene zisetshenziselwa umoya noma uketshezi.

Hlunga Pore Osayizi: 25 – 100 nm for amagciwane; 0.22 – 0.45 µ m kubhaktheriya.